Humidity Sensor: Types

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2012年8月20日星期一

Fibre Optic Sensors - Common Applications and Types

Fibre optic sensors are used within a wide range of different industries. Fundamentally they utilise fibre optics to remotely sense and are frequently used due to their small size and also the fact that no power is needed to operate the sensor. There are two major types of fibre optic sensor, intrinsic and extrinsic; the former uses optical fibre as the actual sensor element whilst the latter use fibres to relay signals from the sensor to a processing unit.

Intrinsic fibre optic sensors utilise the properties of glass and the fibre geometry to measure a number of different quantities. Essentially they measure how light passes through the sensing fibre; then convert this light behaviour into a unit, such as pressure or temperature. They can be used in a variety of different situations; here are just four of the common types of fibre optic sensor used today.

• Strain sensing is a frequent application for this type of sensor as they are capable of measuring mechanical strain directly. This is measured through the ways the geometric properties of the fibre change under strain; this is manifested as a change to the light refractive properties of the fibre.
• Temperature sensing is carried by a practically identical sensor set up. The one difference is that to assess the temperature, the expansion or contraction of the fibre is measured. In this instance, instead of mechanical strain being the force, it is how the fibre is directly affected by changes in temperature that is measured.
• Pressure sensing can be carried out through the same measurement of expansion and contraction. Typically, a fibre will be inserted into a rigid steel tube with a diaphragm at the end. This diaphragm, coupled to the fibre acts as the sensor.
• Sensors are also used to measure humidity. These are slightly different from other sensors as they do not take their measurements from the direct strain placed upon the fibre. Instead, a special coating capable of absorbing and releasing water vapour is used; this coating is attached to the fibre and as it either expands or contracts in correlation to the water vapour it holds, it strains the fibre, changing its refractive properties and subsequently provides a measurement.

These four uses for fibre optic sensors are just some of the most common. Today sensors are used throughout the world in a variety of industries, from biomedical applications and aircraft to petroleum drilling sites.

In a wide variety of industries fibre optic sensors are used as a reliable and agile sensing solution. It is the specific properties of fibre optics and their ability to work remotely without power that makes them popular for a range of industrial and medical applications.

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2012年7月10日星期二

Different Types of Carbon Dioxide Incubators

Carbon dioxide incubators are one of the most widely used equipments in a laboratory as these equipments provide the most favorable conditions for growth and development of micro-organisms and for other tissue cells. However incubator provides a controlled environment that regulates and maintains factors such as temperature, ventilation and humility. These are used widely in research organizations, pathological laboratories, and for other industrial purposes.Incubators are generally made of three types of materials. The outer body of these equipments is made of thick PRPC sheet and the inner chamber is made of heavy gauge stainless steel. Between the two chambers the gap is filled with high mineral glass wool that ensures maximum efficiency in our C02 incubators. C02 incubators are even provided with HEPA filters that keep the environment dust free and moreover monitor any kind of alteration in temperature humidity and ventilation levels.

In a laboratory incubators are used for tissue culture and to carry out genetic engineering, which can be an extended form of tissue culture. This form of engineering may also be used to improve the nutritional content in vegetables and fruits. These incubators are used for various purposes such as for keeping premature babies and to hatch poultry. Apart from these uses they are even used in neuro science, cancer research, in vitro fertilization and other kinds of mammalian cell research. There are basically two types C02 incubators the water jacketed and air jacketed incubators. The water jacketed incubators use water as a cooling or a heating medium whereas the air jacketed incubators use air as their medium. As compared to the air jacketed incubators it is always advisable to use water jacketed incubators as they lead to lesser temperature fluctuations.

Carbon dioxide incubators are incorporated with multiple devices such as in line process indicators, environment scanners and temperature or humidity controllers. These units have a bulk storage capacity with high data retention life. A part from these features the latest models of CO2 incubators are provided with the alarm and backup system with different sensors in a C02 incubator. C02 incubators are available in both standardized and customized finishes that are designed to meet particular requirements in different industries.

These equipments are reliable and are aesthetically designed. They generally have a long life and are low in maintenance. Besides these characteristics, these equipments are easy to clean without even using much of tools or utensils and are even provided with user friendly custom developed software which helps the user to create graphs and reports.

Sonia Nathani is the author of this article. She writes article for business products and manufacturing units. She has good knowledge for these types of scientific equipments such as Air Jacket carbon dioxide incubator, Customized incubator etc.

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2012年6月27日星期三

Different Types of Basement Dehumidifiers

Basement dehumidifiers are an excellent way to reduce the humidity levels in your home caused by moisture in the air. High humidity can cause serious damage to your home in several different ways. For one thing, it can cause mold and mildew to grow on walls, baseboards, under carpets and many other areas of the home. This creates poor air quality that can cause respiratory diseases or make existing ones worse.

If your basement smells musky or you see signs of mold and mildew, then it's recommended you purchase a dehumidifier for your home. There are many different types and sizes available to choose from making it possible to find the one that is best suited for your needs. Here, you'll find information about the most well-known types of basement dehumidifiers so you can have a general idea of what options are available to you.

Whole basement dehumidifiers are designed for large areas to ensure coverage for the entire space of the basement. The storage unit on these can hold more water but the system will still shut down if the tank is not emptied regularly. However, since it's a large unit, the storage tank can usually hold a lot water before the unit will shut off automatically. Portable dehumidifiers are small and easy to use. This makes them great for small basements and even other parts of your home where moisture can be a problem such as bathrooms and closets. However, since these units are small, the tray that holds the water will be small as well and it'll be necessary to keep a close check on it to make sure it's emptied regularly.

Dehumidifying ventilators are designed for basements, crawlspaces and attics because they use a sensor to keep the humidity in the area at a specific preset level. Wall mounted dehumidifiers can be used in these same areas as well and they do an excellent job keeping the humidity down. These are just a few of your options and there are many different sizes to choose from too. You can use the Internet to search basement dehumidifiers to get a more detailed list of the different ones available. This will also help you determine the type and size that would be best suited for your individual needs.

Many basement dehumidifiers can be set up where they will drain into a sink so you don't have to worry about emptying the water tray. If you don't go into your basement on a regularly basis, this might be the best option for you. Just remember to check on it from time to time to make sure everything is still in order.

The price for dehumidifiers for home basement use does vary a great deal. You can read reviews on the different types of dehumidifiers to see what other homeowners have the say about the unit they used and if they felt like it was worth the price they paid for it or not. In most cases, basement dehumidifiers save so much money in home remodeling projects and doctor bills that they more than paid for themselves in the long run regardless of the price.

Read more about basement dehumidifiers. Visit Basement Damp Proofing.

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2012年6月21日星期四

Art Exhibitions - Environmental Concerns for Different Types of Exhibitions

An art exhibition is typically thought to include the work of artists and artisans presenting their drawings, paintings, and sculpting to an audience in a viewing gallery. Architecture is used and integrated into an exhibit when the structure is built for a specific art show space.

Whether an art exhibit is showing the present work of one individual artist or a travelling group featuring a thirty year retrospective of computer animation using mixed media, the exhibition environment is controlled in order to preserve the art objects through time without adding to the normal degradation process.

The materials used by an artist in an art exhibition determine the necessary environmental controls. Normally art objects are best kept cool in the mid to low fifty degree level. Materials such as vellum and parchment are especially susceptible to changing humidity levels. Inks and pigments which are water soluble also require humidity control as well as transfer protection using impermeable barrier casing.

De-humidification and air conditioning are used together to maintain consistent levels of moisture and temperature. More sophisticated exhibition space will use zone control sensors that will adjust a specific area while maintaining overall temperature and humidity control. Light intensity and UV radiation are especially destructive to paper, pigments, and ink. Light is necessary to properly observe and appreciate art but they need to be in low light or total darkness when not being viewed. UV filters are helpful but give a false sense of security as they only block less than ten percent of UV radiation.

Art objects corrode when they come in contact with materials which are off gassing. That new car smell is an example of off gassing. Pollution absorbers like silica and activated carbon are essential tools when seeking to stop corrosion of art objects from the effects of off gassing.

An exposure log is helpful in assessing art work for show. Knowing the exposure level of a piece can determine its future life. If a piece is at a critical point a facsimile may be substituted in its place.

Art exhibition has no limits. The fruits of human creativity will continue to be shown to appreciative audiences. As each new media is used in the creation of art we will find ways of controlling the environment and preserving our creations.

For more information on art exhibtions, visit one of the many different art portals that can be found on the internet. Many of these contain databases with current listings of ongoing art exhibtions.

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2012年5月16日星期三

Fibre Optic Sensors - Common Applications and Types

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2012年5月3日星期四

What Are the 3 Types of Dehumidifiers?

Hot and sultry, muggy and sticky, there's nothing worse in the summer time than the heaviness of the humidity. In fact, for some states it's so bad, that you are drenched in moisture just to take a walk to mailbox at the end of your short driveway. And, when that humidity makes its way indoors, the days and nights can seem virtually unbearable. Fortunately, there is a solution. Invented by Willis Haviland Carrier in 1902, dehumidifiers soon became the ideal way to cool one's home. Over the years the dehumidifier as evolved and today there are 3 main types of dehumidifiers.

All humidifiers work on the same basic principles, though each one varies somewhat based on the type. Like an air conditioner, the dehumidifier uses refrigerant. However, it does not cool the air...it actually warms it slightly which decreases the humidity thus making the room more comfortable. This is done by a fan, hot and cold condenser coils and a water reservoir.

The heat pump dehumidifier is used to pull out water form a building by using a heat pump which works much like an air conditioner pump. A fan is used to move the air across a frigid coil causing the moisture to condense. Then the droplets are collected in a bucket inside the unit. The air is then warmed by a second coil and then released back into the room at a comfortable temperature. The heat pump dehumidifier is considered the best one available.

In large industries, especially those in warmer climates, the most common type is a chemical absorbent dehumidifier. This type uses a chemical drying agent that works with a heat exchange wheel to absorb the water molecules from the air. The process pulls the damp air outside through the vents.

The third type of unit is the dehumidifying ventilator. These work with a sensor controller and an exhaust fan. These are less effective in climates where the humidity is especially high because the ventilators draw outside air into the house. Rather, the dehumidifying ventilator works great in basements but you must pay close attention to how it is working as it can depressurize a room and can cause gas spills...just be sure that if you have a gas furnace that it is properly vented and you will fine.

If you already have a dehumidifier, but it does not seen to be working correctly, there are a few things you can do. First you will want to make sure that it is the right size unit for the space it is cooling; then after you have turned the unit off, check the following:

Remove the cover clean the condenser and the evaporator coils.

Lubricate the fan motor bearings, if the motor has oil ports.

Make sure the humidistat is working properly by testing it with a volt-ohm. Rotate the humidistat's knob as far as it will turn in either direction. If it reads 0 throughout the process then it is time to replace the unit.

Many websites provide additional information on the topic of heating and air conditioning. One such site worth visiting is http://www.abelonsite.com.

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Janet Slagell independently authors articles for WebDrafter.com, Inc. ( http://www.webdrafter.com ) for search engine marketing. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those solely of the author, and not of any other person, company, or organization. No guarantee or warranty, express or implied, is made regarding the accuracy, fitness, or use of the content herein.

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2012年1月11日星期三

Various Types of Ovens Worth Knowing About

For your home kitchen you can choose from a variety of modern ovens that suit your tastes in terms of features and that fit perfectly into your layout plans. Some of the types that you can consider include single double built-under double ovens, microwave ovens, steam ovens and self cleaning ovens. For all these varieties there are price, functionality, energy efficiency and style issues to consider and you are best advised to do some prior research on whatever model that appeals to you.

Steam ovens make use of hot, moist air to enable you steam, bake and/or roast your food. These ovens can be installed pretty quickly and easily. They feature removable water tanks that have enough volume to allow you steam cook your food at full power for approximately 70 minutes. The water that has been supplied to the oven capacity is heated courtesy of a powerful element located at the appliance's base.

Steam ovens are therefore capable of achieving maximum efficiency in use since the element only heats the volume of water sufficient for the cooking process. Further, more efficiency is achieved by means of a thermostatic control which ensures that steam temperatures fall between 35°C and 100°C; these temperatures are ideal for cooking virtually all types of vegetables, poultry, meat and fish. In terms of maintenance, it is easy to clean these ovens since they have stainless steel interiors. The ovens also have cleaning and de-scaling programmes.

Microwave ovens are modern kitchen accessories that are most ideal for situations when you need to prepare your meals quickly. These ovens operate via the principle of microwave radiation - this radiation, which has an estimated frequency of 2500 MHz, is passed through any food that has been placed in the cooking chamber and subsequently cooks or heats it. The basic components of these ovens are the humidity sensor, control keypad, digital clock, rotating turntable, and of course the cooking chamber. In using microwave ovens it is ill-advised to have the food placed in metal containers as these materials absorb microwaves and their use will damage the oven. The best containers to use therefore are those that don't absorb these waves, including most ceramics, glass and plastic.

Single ovens, double ovens and built-under double ovens vary in terms of size, internal capacity, and kitchen design application.In terms of practicality, single ovens are perhaps the most flexible option available, because of their 600mm wide X 600mm high dimensions, 'standard size' to fit with most kitchen designs. As such these ovens can either be fitted in tall oven housings or beneath worktops. Their capacity is between 53lt and 58lt although this can go as high as 70lt.

Double ovens, like their name, feature two ovens, and they have dimensions of 600mm wide X 900mm high. The top oven is a grill cum conventional type oven with a 33-36lts capacity while the bottom one is mostly a fan oven with a capacity of 53-60lts. Double ovens can only be fitted into tall housings or studio height units but not under worktops as their height dimensions well exceed this position's height.

Built-under double ovens are the perfect solution for you if you really need to have a double oven that can fit under the worktop. As their height, typically 720mm, is well below double ovens' 900mm height it follows that total oven volume is considerably reduced. The top oven retains the 33-36lts capacity but the bottom one is reduced to a 49-53lts capacity.

Self-cleaning ovens cleanly burn off any spills left behind after baking using high temperature cycles reaching as high as 482°C. These ovens feature a mechanical interlock door that remains locked during and after these cleaning cycles therefore preventing possible burn injuries. Such ovens facilitate energy costs savings as they are designed to have more insulation thus making for energy-efficient baking processes.

Appliance World has in stock a variety of oven styles including compact ovens, steam ovens, self cleaning ovens, and single and double ovens. These equipment are innovatively designed to ensure that your cooking will be as simple and pleasurable as possible.

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2011年12月16日星期五

Fibre Optic Sensors - Common Applications and Types

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2012年8月20日星期一

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2011年12月16日星期五